[Answer] Who was the last U.S. President not associated with either the Democratic or Republican Party?

Step 1 : Introduction to the question "Who was the last U.S. President not associated with either the Democratic or Republican Party?"

...Millard Fillmore, the 13th President of the United States, holds the distinction of being the last president to represent the Whig Party and the last president not associated with either the Democratic or Republican parties. His presidency, from 1850 to 1853, marked the final chapter for the Whigs, a party that had risen in the 1830s in opposition to Andrew Jackson's policies. After Fillmore's term, the Whig party collapsed, paving the way for the rise of the Republican Party, which quickly emerged as a dominant force alongside the Democratic party.

[Answer] When an investor makes money from dividends, where is it coming from?

Step 1 : Introduction to the question "When an investor makes money from dividends, where is it coming from?"

...Dividends are the distribution of part of a company’s earnings to its shareholders as a reward for investing. Typically, the board of directors will determine this distribution, from the timing to how much is given. Dividends are paid in cash, or in additional shares of stock.

[Answer] What is the name of the market crash that triggered the Great Depression?

Step 1 : Introduction to the question "What is the name of the market crash that triggered the Great Depression?"

...On October 29, 1929, the stock market experienced one of its worst days in American history as billions of dollars were lost and thousands of investors ruined in a single day. That day of trading was so cataclysmic that it’s now known in history as Black Tuesday and one of the instigators of the Great Depression.

[Answer] What does it mean for an investor if their stock appreciates in value?

Step 1 : Introduction to the question "What does it mean for an investor if their stock appreciates in value?"

...An investor can make money off of stocks in two different ways. The first is through appreciation, which happens when another investor wants to buy a stock for more than the owner bought it for, earning a profit when it is purchased. The second way to make money is from dividends.

[Answer] What is bought and sold on the stock market?

Step 1 : Introduction to the question "What is bought and sold on the stock market?"

...A share of stock is a small portion of ownership of a publicly held company. The stock exchange is a collection of markets and exchanges where the buying, selling, and issuance of shares of public companies takes place. Both domestic and international companies can participate in a stock market. Exchange-traded funds (ETF), corporate bonds, and derivatives based on stocks, commodities, currencies, and bonds are also traded on the stock market.

[Answer] In a short sale, an investor thinks the stock will do what in the future?

Step 1 : Introduction to the question "In a short sale, an investor thinks the stock will do what in the future?"

...To pull off a short sale, an investor must have nearly perfect timing. To perform this transaction, a trader borrows stock on margin for a short time and sells it back when the right price is reached, or when the time limit runs out. The advantage? Traders can profit off of the price drop when they buy it back. However, if the prices do not drop as anticipated, the investor can lose a lot of money.

[Answer] What does IPO stand for?

Step 1 : Introduction to the question "What does IPO stand for?"

...When a private company decides to offer shares to the public for the first time, it’s called an “initial public offering,” or IPO. Going public helps companies raise immense amounts of capital and grow beyond what was fiscally possible as a private company. However, in exchange, the company also has a growing responsibility to its invested shareholders. After the 2008 financial crisis, IPOs were few and far between but have slowly rebounded as the market recovered.