Step 1 : Introduction to the question "What essential office supply tool did Johan Vaaler patent in 1901? "
In 1899, Vaaler designed a kind of binding to hold paper together paper consisting of a thread of steel wire. He applied for a German patent on November 12 of that year. It was granted on June 6, 1901 (DE 121067). He also filed an application for a United States patent on January 9, 1901. The U.S. patent was granted on June 4, 1901.
Unknown to Vaaler, a more functional and practical paper clip was already in production by the British "Gem Manufacturing Company Ltd", but not yet marketed in Norway. His design was less perfect because it lacked the two full loops of the wire. Vaaler probably succeeded in having his design patented abroad, despite the existence of a better product, because patent authorities at that time were quite liberal and rewarded any marginal modification of earlier inventions
Step 2 : Answer to the question "What essential office supply tool did Johan Vaaler patent in 1901?"
Paperclip:
He patented his form of the paperclip abroad at the time, because Norway was instituting patent legislation. His paperclip was never produced and marketed, however. A more functional 'Gem' paperclip was being produced in England. Norwegians have created a profitable myth around Vaaler, going so far as to erect a giant paperclip monument near Oslo.
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