Step 1 : Introduction to the question "1. Which of the following diseases is transmitted by the female Anopheles mosquito?"
...1. Leishmaniasis 2. Leprosy 3. Malaria 4. Tuberculosis Malaria is found mostly in tropical and sub tropical climates. Symptoms of the disease include fever, chills, headache, muscle ache, nausea and vomiting. An affected person may give a history of having 'rigors', whereby they feel very cold and need extra covers and clothing to feel warm, then they begin to feel very hot. This hot stage is followed by an episode of uncontrollable shivering and the cycle repeats itself. These episodes of rigor are consistent with the pathophysiology of malaria. Because the red blood cells and liver are often affected, jaundice and anemia are common in persons with the disease. Preventative measures include use of mosquito nets and insect repellent, periodic spraying of insecticide and proper drainage and irrigation of land since stagnant water fosters breeding of mosquitoes. Leishmaniasis is transmitted by the sand fly. Leprosy is caused by the bacteria mycobacterium leprae. Although the mode of transmission is unclear, the disease is believed to spread from person to person through respiratory droplets. Tuberculosis is caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is an air borne disease, therefore an infected person can spread the disease mainly through coughing, sneezing or talking.
