[Answer] Which letters of the alphabet are used to identify the chromosomes determining gender in humans?

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Sex chromosomes are chromosomes that determine the sex of individual organisms. In humans, there are 23 pairs of chromosomes, one of which are sex chromosomes. Females have two X chromosomes, males have one X and one Y. An egg always carries a single X, while sperm carry either an X or a Y.

Both Nettie Stevens and Edmund Beecher Wilson are credited with discovering the chromosomal XY sex-determination system in 1905. Initially, this was observed in insects, but in the early 1920s, Theophilus Painter demonstrated that sex in humans and mammals was also determined by the X and Y chromosomes.

Whilst the XY sex determination is the most familiar, there is a range of alternative systems in nature. The ZW system is used in birds in which the females carry both Z and W chromosomes, while males only carry Z. This means that in birds, the female is the determiner of the offspring's gender, whereas, in humans, the male chromosome is the decider.

More Info: en.wikipedia.org

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