[Ans] Which penguin species has an estimated population of 12.6 million?

Step 1 : Introduction to the question "Which penguin species has an estimated population of 12.6 million?"

...Although almost all penguin species are native to the Southern Hemisphere, they are not found only in cold climates, such as Antarctica. In fact, only a few species of penguin actually live so far south. Several species live in the temperate zone; one, the Galápagos penguin, lives as far north as the Galápagos Islands, but this is only made possible by the cold, rich waters of the Antarctic Humboldt Current that flows around these islands. Several authors have suggested that penguins are a good example of Bergmann's Rule where larger bodied populations live at higher latitudes than smaller bodied populations. There is some disagreement about this, and several other authors have noted that there are fossil penguin species that contradict this hypothesis and that ocean currents and upwellings are likely to have had a greater effect on species diversity than latitude alone.

Step 2 : Answer to the question "Which penguin species has an estimated population of 12.6 million?"

Macaroni penguin:

Macaroni penguins live in snow-covered, rocky mountainous areas with sparse vegetation and soil. Their estimated population of 12.6 million spreads over large colonies on islands such as South Georgia, Heard, and Marion Islands. These penguins are easily identified by their yellow-orange crest on the head. The V-shaped crest starts between their eyes and extends to cover their head. Their bright red eyes and thick orange beak finish off their distinctive look. Source: Penguins-World.com

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